General speaking about the history of Electronic Media which include Radio, TV and Film and all of them are things that effected the human and shaped the world not only that but still keep shaping the world by sending messages all the time to people to be how they are now. We will talk about the history of each one of those electronic media and what is the challenges ahead.
History of Radio
The Italian guy "Guglielmo Marconi" found out with the a brilliant idea changed the face of history which that electromagnetic waves can be used in the production of audio signals over long distances, Marconi continued to develop his research until finally arrive at the invention of the radio.
Marconi succeeded in inventing a special device and went to England and view the device and record there and established the Marconi Company for the manufacture of radio, the first man to successfully send and receive radiation signals at various distances.
And developed "Marconi invented In 1901 managed to send waves across the Atlantic Ocean, also developed shortwave and discover how to use the ground connection to increase the range of transmissions in the radio.
In 1909, he received the Nobel Prize in physics for radio invention, this has been the invention is the basis upon which the radio broadcast and television industry later, all of these devices waves used in voice and video over the air to ground stations, which in turn is transferred to the radio stations and to hear the television and watched by the public.
The importance of this invention may have emerged starkly when the ship sank "Rbilic" and was able to radio messages to save a number of its passengers have been used in the request for help from nearby vessels, and succeeded Marconi sent radio messages between Ireland and Argentina any cross-six thousand miles away, and all of these messages may I moved in a manner Morse any point and police was Marconi imagined it could sound transfer also across this enormous distances, but only in 1915 did not materialize, the world did not know the radio on a commercial scale and large only in 1920, and the last years of his life he "Marconi" filmed use shortwave until he died in Rome in 1937.
The characteristics of the radio as a media tool:
1. Radio is characterized by what he was doing from an active role of the listener's imagination and release without restrictions.
2. Does not need the radio to hear the effort and trouble, as is the case for reading the newspaper or watching TV.
3. The radio is the only means invisible among all media, so-called "Blind Medium".
4. Radio allows illiterate listeners who do not read or write access to culture and knowledge and follow-up of the events and news and activities which are located in at home and abroad.
5. Listener can do various activities during the hearing to the radio.
6. Radio small size easy to carry easily transferred from one place to another, and occupies a lot of space, making it play its role efficiently without any trouble for the listener.
Radio Challenges ahead
The most hard challenge for Radio broadcast comes from Technology companies. The video might be come over the radio hero or star but the internet may hurt the popularity of radio, for example the music in ITunes which was listened from 20M persons around the global in two months which was chosen by computer rather than the DJ.
So we can see that anything used to be on radio can be now saved on modern applications which can provide us with anything that we need and at anytime also which can be shared with other or save it for later.
But at the same time radio try to keep developing and follow the modern technology by being on line and have it everywhere specially on smart phone by providing channels on smart and easy application.
History of Television
The word TV is composed in English of two words are: (following) and (Vision) (Tele) (Vision) and the first means (remote), (seeing) Therefore, the integration of these two words mean (Remote View) Any This device attend to your home to distant objects we see.
The truth is that the idea of transferring the moving image to homes across the receiver in a household appliance like to send voice and music over the radio, was the focus of a number of scientists in Britain, Germany and the United States since the end of the First World War. But mature ideas applicable not only appear in the mid-twenties of the twentieth century.
The first attempts focused on the research for the transfer of motion pictures through extensions tanker wire between the transmission station and receiving stations. The main element to move the thinking in this direction is the success of the German scientist Paul Nbugo (Paul Nipkow) in 1884 to the fragmentation of the image by scanning the image gradually spiraling continuously mechanically, by pierced several holes cylinder is moving from the outer edge to the center of the cylinder and when spin the cylinder above Image full cycle may be surveyed all the lines in the picture and when the transfer of those flashes of the holes can be re-formation of the image, in the form of electrical flashes in the glass tube deflated and coated with chemicals sensitive to the fall of the electrons (CRT).
With the development of quality formats that could be achieved through the electric ray tubes (CRT), which is widely known in the electrical physics research since 1904. Enable the Russian-born American scientist Vladimir Zorikn (V. Zworykin) in 1923 for the invention of recording camera tube can split optical image electronically and transfer to be received, and rebuilt. British John Baird world was soon (CJ. Baird) that the benefit from this invention and provide the first practical system to transfer images in a famous successful experience in London in 1926.
Became aware of the American media companies of the importance of the transfer of image research and managed by governments to recognize the prospects for its future in the areas of commercial advertising and entertainment, so she both companies (RCA) and (CBS) and General Electric to compete in research related to this invention and the Gifted scientists in this area finance, especially after the Ellen Dumont world has succeeded in improving the size and efficiency of the receiver screens and the invention of home television receiver can be acquired in homes and not just laboratories.
In 1927, one of the researchers managed to send the image of Washington, DC, to New York via a wired line (cable). In the meantime, the American world was able Farnzort Philo (Philo Farnsworth) of the introduction of a radical improvement on the scanning system was compounded by the clarity of images televised. But first television service in the world appeared in Germany in 1935 and was one of the great scientific achievements proud of the Germans and used in the review of their superiority over others during World Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936, as was the television images transported from sports stadiums to cinemas The halls of collective viewing in clubs, hotels to see the masses (but American and British sources ignored at the time of the event completely in spite of the Nazi regime).
During the period from 1930 until 1939, US companies have achieved a number of successes in the field of the development of television and commercial use in transport plays and presented to the public in general deals in New York squares and streets, especially when he announced the birth of this invention during the international exhibition held in New York City in 1939 The company filmed the RCA President Franklin Roosevelt Alom.raki which opens the show and his image transfer to television reception devices distributed at selected locations in New York City. It did not come the month of February to February of 1940, but there was a television network covering large parts of New York City, as well as some other parts of the state after the Americans succeeded in achieving the idea of taking a picture and then strengthened and re-broadcast.
But the outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the paralysis of steps the development of television in Germany, Britain and the United States after entering the war in 1941, developed in the United States programs also stopped.
The era of the fifties, which was the golden era in the history of the development of television and improve its services, programs, equipment, recording devices and send and antennas capture and receivers household with clarity and accuracy in the presentation of the picture and sound ... and achieved a TV phenomenon go down to the market (in commercial quantities and reasonable prices in the early fifties) popular and has gained I took in the sweeping pull the rug from under the feet of the radio and cinema also.
That’s how, with a view of the fifties the number of TV stations increased from 17-45 transmitting station, and became a TV service is available in about 25 American cities and has become television coverage available for 60% of the American people after it was linked to eastern America with western cable pivotal and panting people to buy TVs the sale in the United States until 1952, more than 15 million device. With this unprecedented growth in the number of service request television broadcasters in 1957 rose to more than five hundred mostly commercial station
But TV they have proven in the sixties held that it is not only a means of entertainment but it can be educational or cultural or political propaganda weapon media platform lethal tool. In addition it has many downsides to family bonding cultural and cognitive level, after it was stolen and squandered a time when families spend in meeting each other, and the time that was spent by individuals in reading and knowledge, and students in studying and educational attainment. And is a device that has become mothers rely on magic in to keep children silent and entertain and distraction until he almost holds a special place nannies workers in some countries.
The characteristics of the TV as a media tool:
1. The possibility of combining TV and radio capabilities and cinema combines image, sound and movement and thus provides the viewer move to cinemas.
2. TV needs to focus more and consult the senses because the viewer is dealing with multiple possibilities excite the senses of sight, hearing, requiring him to focus and follow-up and read the other elements of the viewer accessories, music, lighting and other building television scene.
3. It is considered more powerful than other methods because it attracts the viewer's attention longer and it needs to focus more attention
4. can present facts and events in their location and the time of over the radio that it can make the image, movement and colors and not just sound.
5. The transfer of many aspects of culture for young people without bothering to incur the viewer.
6. TV has the potential to transfer View from difficult places but sometimes impossible for the viewer watch them in their original locations or the nature or orientation originally to these sites an example of television immediate transport to the descent of a US spacecraft on the moon in 1969.
7. TV has a large capacity to promote and advertising of goods exceeded often what the radio and the newspaper.
Television Challenges ahead
One of the challenges which face the TV is that the effectiveness is declining and TV advertising costs are increasing .
More over a lot of people prefer to be online on the internet at anytime they want and anywhere they stay more than staying on one place which has the TV and stay also in specific time which will show kind of program or movie which will be full of advertising.
But at the same time the TV industry try so hard to follow the term and don’t miss the chance of modern style of showing the programs and movies by being online also so they can give the facility to the receiver to watch what the produce online and anytime by using the smart Technology which can be by using the smart phones , but on other hand that to watch live programs or a movie online will cost the person a lot of data that he pay for it.
History of Film
Perhaps might be one of the most important discovered of which introduced to humanity in our time, it’s the world of cinema, which opened in front of the gate of industries and arts and cultural knowledge and multi-directional purposes and objectives, but also open the door to the world of science fiction and understanding human behavioral tendencies.
Some historians likely that the beginnings of cinema belongs to note that without Giovanni Batistada Laporta about the book the natural magic of the artist and architect Italian and the world of Leonardo da Vinci in 1558, the Da Vinci noted that if a person sat in a dark room, while the sun shone outside, and it was in one of the walls of a small hole, the sitting in the room can see the shadows on the opposite wall or fiction of what is outside the room of trees or vehicles or persons as a result of the beam in force into the room of the small hole.
And dating the beginning of the birth of cinema in France to 1895, as a result of the combination of three inventions are visual language and Magic Lantern and photography, finding that his record brothers Auguste and Louis to Omber Pachtrallma device can display animated on-screen images on February 13, 1895 was remarkable, it was a first overview what it has become known as the Sinmatograve which saw the public on December 28 the same year in Paris.From here the film became a reality, and New York produced an overview of animation in April 1895. And next year, Edison was able to make device combines the advantages of the two devices, and established its debut in April 1896 and met with great success.
(Silence and speech), which crystallize in several eras, the era of leadership: where the film industry began to display a new camera and actor first and director, and there were no sounds at all, and it includes documentaries newsworthy and recordings of some of the plays, and the first drama novelist had a duration of five minutes, and the era silent movies, which were not completely silent, using some special sound effects has been characterized of sentiments and were of a historical nature, as in the films of Charlie Chaplin.
The next era begins production of the first film spokesman in 1927 entitled (rapper), there are several films speaking produced at this stage also, where I saw movies thirties to use more colors, and began to animation to appear, and got the emergence of film stars that have spread their names such as (Clark Jabl_ Frank Cabra_jon Ford) and toward them.
The Silver Age of the film was in 1967_1979, such as lost by Francis Koppel_datsin Hoffman_marlon Brando, and it became really known Hollywood film industry and famous.
The Golden Cinema era appeared during World War II, it has been observed boom comedy, and knocked off the musical films on the throne of cinema, and spread horror films using special effects but because of high production cost and that made a clear difference big and small films for the expenses of production, and to attract the public resorted movie studios to produce films inexpensive to the public, Koflam intelligence and movies and films forest exploitation and colonization, and the sci-fi movies have appeared in 1950.
And began the modern era to produce films through the contribution of computers and modern technology in the design of special effects to produce film (Star Wars) in 1977, at this stage began computer prevalence of domestic video and cable television, and adopted this stage on huge budgets instead of the text and representation, but they retained the ability to production of quality movies and entertainment pleasure.
The offer film achievements of innovators in this area, from animation to the photos to the images presented on the screen, to the sound and colors to widescreen, and the end of the triple screen dimensions long history stations due study.
The characteristics of the Film as a media tool:
Cinema can enlarge some of the scenes that fail minute for the naked eye to see, for example, human cell components.
Help in learning process by removing some of the concepts and the language because the images are more aware of the language spoken words, the individual who did not understand how volcanic eruptions of the theoretical description of this phenomenon can realize when watching a film about them.
Ability to acquire the attention of the viewer.
The movie recording on the attitudes and experiences of non-recurring, there are things that are difficult to recurrence of natural phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
Film Challenges ahead
· The online distribution became commonplace
· Bankrupt of ideas in Hollywood
· It can’t be funded like how it was before
· Less government support for short films
· Long time of working hours and pay issues
· The crews of the film not have the idea of their legal rights
Conclusion
Electronic Media are things that make our life different and help the human communication distance smaller by knowing other societies cultures, behaviors, traditions, history and the shape of our future. All that and more what provided us the Radio, TV and Films, and as we said that all of them are facing a lot of challenges that effected us also as a viewers, so must everyone work so hard to help to develop those kind of media and keep it safe how it was before.
History of Radio
The Italian guy "Guglielmo Marconi" found out with the a brilliant idea changed the face of history which that electromagnetic waves can be used in the production of audio signals over long distances, Marconi continued to develop his research until finally arrive at the invention of the radio.
Marconi succeeded in inventing a special device and went to England and view the device and record there and established the Marconi Company for the manufacture of radio, the first man to successfully send and receive radiation signals at various distances.
And developed "Marconi invented In 1901 managed to send waves across the Atlantic Ocean, also developed shortwave and discover how to use the ground connection to increase the range of transmissions in the radio.
In 1909, he received the Nobel Prize in physics for radio invention, this has been the invention is the basis upon which the radio broadcast and television industry later, all of these devices waves used in voice and video over the air to ground stations, which in turn is transferred to the radio stations and to hear the television and watched by the public.
The importance of this invention may have emerged starkly when the ship sank "Rbilic" and was able to radio messages to save a number of its passengers have been used in the request for help from nearby vessels, and succeeded Marconi sent radio messages between Ireland and Argentina any cross-six thousand miles away, and all of these messages may I moved in a manner Morse any point and police was Marconi imagined it could sound transfer also across this enormous distances, but only in 1915 did not materialize, the world did not know the radio on a commercial scale and large only in 1920, and the last years of his life he "Marconi" filmed use shortwave until he died in Rome in 1937.
The characteristics of the radio as a media tool:
1. Radio is characterized by what he was doing from an active role of the listener's imagination and release without restrictions.
2. Does not need the radio to hear the effort and trouble, as is the case for reading the newspaper or watching TV.
3. The radio is the only means invisible among all media, so-called "Blind Medium".
4. Radio allows illiterate listeners who do not read or write access to culture and knowledge and follow-up of the events and news and activities which are located in at home and abroad.
5. Listener can do various activities during the hearing to the radio.
6. Radio small size easy to carry easily transferred from one place to another, and occupies a lot of space, making it play its role efficiently without any trouble for the listener.
Radio Challenges ahead
The most hard challenge for Radio broadcast comes from Technology companies. The video might be come over the radio hero or star but the internet may hurt the popularity of radio, for example the music in ITunes which was listened from 20M persons around the global in two months which was chosen by computer rather than the DJ.
So we can see that anything used to be on radio can be now saved on modern applications which can provide us with anything that we need and at anytime also which can be shared with other or save it for later.
But at the same time radio try to keep developing and follow the modern technology by being on line and have it everywhere specially on smart phone by providing channels on smart and easy application.
History of Television
The word TV is composed in English of two words are: (following) and (Vision) (Tele) (Vision) and the first means (remote), (seeing) Therefore, the integration of these two words mean (Remote View) Any This device attend to your home to distant objects we see.
The truth is that the idea of transferring the moving image to homes across the receiver in a household appliance like to send voice and music over the radio, was the focus of a number of scientists in Britain, Germany and the United States since the end of the First World War. But mature ideas applicable not only appear in the mid-twenties of the twentieth century.
The first attempts focused on the research for the transfer of motion pictures through extensions tanker wire between the transmission station and receiving stations. The main element to move the thinking in this direction is the success of the German scientist Paul Nbugo (Paul Nipkow) in 1884 to the fragmentation of the image by scanning the image gradually spiraling continuously mechanically, by pierced several holes cylinder is moving from the outer edge to the center of the cylinder and when spin the cylinder above Image full cycle may be surveyed all the lines in the picture and when the transfer of those flashes of the holes can be re-formation of the image, in the form of electrical flashes in the glass tube deflated and coated with chemicals sensitive to the fall of the electrons (CRT).
With the development of quality formats that could be achieved through the electric ray tubes (CRT), which is widely known in the electrical physics research since 1904. Enable the Russian-born American scientist Vladimir Zorikn (V. Zworykin) in 1923 for the invention of recording camera tube can split optical image electronically and transfer to be received, and rebuilt. British John Baird world was soon (CJ. Baird) that the benefit from this invention and provide the first practical system to transfer images in a famous successful experience in London in 1926.
Became aware of the American media companies of the importance of the transfer of image research and managed by governments to recognize the prospects for its future in the areas of commercial advertising and entertainment, so she both companies (RCA) and (CBS) and General Electric to compete in research related to this invention and the Gifted scientists in this area finance, especially after the Ellen Dumont world has succeeded in improving the size and efficiency of the receiver screens and the invention of home television receiver can be acquired in homes and not just laboratories.
In 1927, one of the researchers managed to send the image of Washington, DC, to New York via a wired line (cable). In the meantime, the American world was able Farnzort Philo (Philo Farnsworth) of the introduction of a radical improvement on the scanning system was compounded by the clarity of images televised. But first television service in the world appeared in Germany in 1935 and was one of the great scientific achievements proud of the Germans and used in the review of their superiority over others during World Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936, as was the television images transported from sports stadiums to cinemas The halls of collective viewing in clubs, hotels to see the masses (but American and British sources ignored at the time of the event completely in spite of the Nazi regime).
During the period from 1930 until 1939, US companies have achieved a number of successes in the field of the development of television and commercial use in transport plays and presented to the public in general deals in New York squares and streets, especially when he announced the birth of this invention during the international exhibition held in New York City in 1939 The company filmed the RCA President Franklin Roosevelt Alom.raki which opens the show and his image transfer to television reception devices distributed at selected locations in New York City. It did not come the month of February to February of 1940, but there was a television network covering large parts of New York City, as well as some other parts of the state after the Americans succeeded in achieving the idea of taking a picture and then strengthened and re-broadcast.
But the outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the paralysis of steps the development of television in Germany, Britain and the United States after entering the war in 1941, developed in the United States programs also stopped.
The era of the fifties, which was the golden era in the history of the development of television and improve its services, programs, equipment, recording devices and send and antennas capture and receivers household with clarity and accuracy in the presentation of the picture and sound ... and achieved a TV phenomenon go down to the market (in commercial quantities and reasonable prices in the early fifties) popular and has gained I took in the sweeping pull the rug from under the feet of the radio and cinema also.
That’s how, with a view of the fifties the number of TV stations increased from 17-45 transmitting station, and became a TV service is available in about 25 American cities and has become television coverage available for 60% of the American people after it was linked to eastern America with western cable pivotal and panting people to buy TVs the sale in the United States until 1952, more than 15 million device. With this unprecedented growth in the number of service request television broadcasters in 1957 rose to more than five hundred mostly commercial station
But TV they have proven in the sixties held that it is not only a means of entertainment but it can be educational or cultural or political propaganda weapon media platform lethal tool. In addition it has many downsides to family bonding cultural and cognitive level, after it was stolen and squandered a time when families spend in meeting each other, and the time that was spent by individuals in reading and knowledge, and students in studying and educational attainment. And is a device that has become mothers rely on magic in to keep children silent and entertain and distraction until he almost holds a special place nannies workers in some countries.
The characteristics of the TV as a media tool:
1. The possibility of combining TV and radio capabilities and cinema combines image, sound and movement and thus provides the viewer move to cinemas.
2. TV needs to focus more and consult the senses because the viewer is dealing with multiple possibilities excite the senses of sight, hearing, requiring him to focus and follow-up and read the other elements of the viewer accessories, music, lighting and other building television scene.
3. It is considered more powerful than other methods because it attracts the viewer's attention longer and it needs to focus more attention
4. can present facts and events in their location and the time of over the radio that it can make the image, movement and colors and not just sound.
5. The transfer of many aspects of culture for young people without bothering to incur the viewer.
6. TV has the potential to transfer View from difficult places but sometimes impossible for the viewer watch them in their original locations or the nature or orientation originally to these sites an example of television immediate transport to the descent of a US spacecraft on the moon in 1969.
7. TV has a large capacity to promote and advertising of goods exceeded often what the radio and the newspaper.
Television Challenges ahead
One of the challenges which face the TV is that the effectiveness is declining and TV advertising costs are increasing .
More over a lot of people prefer to be online on the internet at anytime they want and anywhere they stay more than staying on one place which has the TV and stay also in specific time which will show kind of program or movie which will be full of advertising.
But at the same time the TV industry try so hard to follow the term and don’t miss the chance of modern style of showing the programs and movies by being online also so they can give the facility to the receiver to watch what the produce online and anytime by using the smart Technology which can be by using the smart phones , but on other hand that to watch live programs or a movie online will cost the person a lot of data that he pay for it.
History of Film
Perhaps might be one of the most important discovered of which introduced to humanity in our time, it’s the world of cinema, which opened in front of the gate of industries and arts and cultural knowledge and multi-directional purposes and objectives, but also open the door to the world of science fiction and understanding human behavioral tendencies.
Some historians likely that the beginnings of cinema belongs to note that without Giovanni Batistada Laporta about the book the natural magic of the artist and architect Italian and the world of Leonardo da Vinci in 1558, the Da Vinci noted that if a person sat in a dark room, while the sun shone outside, and it was in one of the walls of a small hole, the sitting in the room can see the shadows on the opposite wall or fiction of what is outside the room of trees or vehicles or persons as a result of the beam in force into the room of the small hole.
And dating the beginning of the birth of cinema in France to 1895, as a result of the combination of three inventions are visual language and Magic Lantern and photography, finding that his record brothers Auguste and Louis to Omber Pachtrallma device can display animated on-screen images on February 13, 1895 was remarkable, it was a first overview what it has become known as the Sinmatograve which saw the public on December 28 the same year in Paris.From here the film became a reality, and New York produced an overview of animation in April 1895. And next year, Edison was able to make device combines the advantages of the two devices, and established its debut in April 1896 and met with great success.
(Silence and speech), which crystallize in several eras, the era of leadership: where the film industry began to display a new camera and actor first and director, and there were no sounds at all, and it includes documentaries newsworthy and recordings of some of the plays, and the first drama novelist had a duration of five minutes, and the era silent movies, which were not completely silent, using some special sound effects has been characterized of sentiments and were of a historical nature, as in the films of Charlie Chaplin.
The next era begins production of the first film spokesman in 1927 entitled (rapper), there are several films speaking produced at this stage also, where I saw movies thirties to use more colors, and began to animation to appear, and got the emergence of film stars that have spread their names such as (Clark Jabl_ Frank Cabra_jon Ford) and toward them.
The Silver Age of the film was in 1967_1979, such as lost by Francis Koppel_datsin Hoffman_marlon Brando, and it became really known Hollywood film industry and famous.
The Golden Cinema era appeared during World War II, it has been observed boom comedy, and knocked off the musical films on the throne of cinema, and spread horror films using special effects but because of high production cost and that made a clear difference big and small films for the expenses of production, and to attract the public resorted movie studios to produce films inexpensive to the public, Koflam intelligence and movies and films forest exploitation and colonization, and the sci-fi movies have appeared in 1950.
And began the modern era to produce films through the contribution of computers and modern technology in the design of special effects to produce film (Star Wars) in 1977, at this stage began computer prevalence of domestic video and cable television, and adopted this stage on huge budgets instead of the text and representation, but they retained the ability to production of quality movies and entertainment pleasure.
The offer film achievements of innovators in this area, from animation to the photos to the images presented on the screen, to the sound and colors to widescreen, and the end of the triple screen dimensions long history stations due study.
The characteristics of the Film as a media tool:
Cinema can enlarge some of the scenes that fail minute for the naked eye to see, for example, human cell components.
Help in learning process by removing some of the concepts and the language because the images are more aware of the language spoken words, the individual who did not understand how volcanic eruptions of the theoretical description of this phenomenon can realize when watching a film about them.
Ability to acquire the attention of the viewer.
The movie recording on the attitudes and experiences of non-recurring, there are things that are difficult to recurrence of natural phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
Film Challenges ahead
· The online distribution became commonplace
· Bankrupt of ideas in Hollywood
· It can’t be funded like how it was before
· Less government support for short films
· Long time of working hours and pay issues
· The crews of the film not have the idea of their legal rights
Conclusion
Electronic Media are things that make our life different and help the human communication distance smaller by knowing other societies cultures, behaviors, traditions, history and the shape of our future. All that and more what provided us the Radio, TV and Films, and as we said that all of them are facing a lot of challenges that effected us also as a viewers, so must everyone work so hard to help to develop those kind of media and keep it safe how it was before.